A Journey Through Medicine Shaun, Norm and Terence

Today the boys are joined by Ben to discuss the clinical features and pathology of Parkinson's disease. We discuss its course from initial autonomic dysfunction to the classical signs seen in textbooks and how it is different to the other common neurodegenerative diseases.



Content covered:

- Core concepts, similarities and classification of neurodegenerative diseases

- Parkinson's

- Dementia and its causes (Alzheimer's, Dementia with Lewy bodies, FTD, vascular dementia, etc)

- Huntington's disease as an example of hyperkinetic movement disorders

- Foundations of prion diseases including CJD and Kuru


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Todays episode is all about stroke. What actually is a stroke? How can it happen? What are some warning signs that someone may be having a stroke? The lads discuss these questions and more as they piece together what they have learnt about cerebrovascular diseases.

Content covered:
- Risk factors for the development of cerebrovascular disease
- Pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease
- Ischaemic vs haemorragic strokes
- Clinical presentation, prognosis and sequalae of stroke
- Basic principles of management

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Listen carefully... as the lads revise what structures are involved in hearing and balance as well as how they work. Jack joins us for a journey through the outer, middle and inner ear as we explore the inner workings of the membranous labyrinth.



Content covered

- Anatomy of the vestibulocochlear system

- Functions of the cohlea, utricle, saccule and semicircular canals

- Basics of the auditory and vestibular projection pathways

- Conductive vs sensorineural hearing loss

- Basics of vertigo


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Let's break it down!

Pathology and biochem wizard Jonathan joins us as we do a deep dive into diseases that affect bone integrity on a cellular and metabolic level as well as their clinical presentations.



Content covered:

- Osteoporosis, Type 1 and Type 2

- Osteomalacia and Ricketts

- Hyperparathyroidism

- Paget's Disease of Bone


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Claire is back and guides the boys through the pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most common autoimmune conditions in Australia.



Content covered:

-Clinical presentation of RA including signs and symptoms

- Pathogenesis and pathological findings of RA

- EULAR 2020 RA treatment guidelines including the different classes of DMARDs (eg low-dose methotrexate, infliximab, tofacitinib, etc)




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TO CLARIFY: Arthralgia = the term for joint pain.
Arthritis = a general term for diseases that have joint pain, leading to loss of function at the joint (+/- inflammation). Arthralgia = symptom, arthritis = diagnosis.

The boys get their heads around what arthritis actually is and explore osteoarthritis (or degenerative joint diseases), one of the core MSK conditions!

Content covered:
- General arthritis findings
- Pathophysiology of degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) and clinical presentation
- Osteonecrosis and avascular necrosis.
- Various other causes of arthritis

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