The sixth in a series of Gifford Lectures by Professor Michael Gazzaniga. Downward causation is the key concept upon which to build a foundation for a modern view of ethics and with it, a system of values and laws. We all tend to forget that we are the law in the sense that we make the rules as a function of our current societal and personal values. As the rationale for our values and beliefs change, so too can the laws we choose to live by. Recorded on 22 October 2009 at Playfair Library.