In this episode, I discuss the mechanisms by which human eggs and sperm are generated, the ovulatory/menstrual cycle, the conception process and overall fertility in males and females. I also explain how, regardless of whether you seek to conceive children, optimizing egg and sperm health is directly related to vitality and longevity. I cover the nutrition-based, behavioral, supplement-based and prescription approaches to optimizing egg and sperm health, the ovulatory/menstrual cycle and fertility. In addition, I explain lifestyle choices that greatly assist or harm fertility—several of which are very surprising. I provide science-based protocols for those trying to conceive children. The tools and principles I discuss can also improve overall vitality and longevity in all people, regardless of age.  For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman Maui Nui: https://mauinuivenison.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://www.insidetracker.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Fertility, Vitality & Longevity (00:04:24) Maui Nui Venison, Eight Sleep, Momentous (00:08:20) Eggs & Sperm, Genes, Fertilization (00:18:28) Puberty: Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), Melatonin & Leptin (00:23:38) Onset Trends of Puberty, Odors Effects (00:31:24) Female Puberty, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) (00:35:25) AG1 (Athletic Greens) (00:36:34) Ovulatory & Menstrual Cycle (00:40:36) Follicular Phase: Egg Maturation & Ovulation, FSH & Estrogen (00:51:09) Luteal Phase: Progesterone & Estrogen, Menstruation (00:58:14) Ovulation & Libido; Luteal Phase & Malaise; Individual Variability (01:03:14) InsideTracker (01:04:18) Sex Chromosomes, Sperm (01:11:40) Tool: Testicular Temperature & Fertility (01:17:22) Sperm Production, Seminal Fluid, Vasectomy (01:24:07) Sperm Cells, Mitochondria & Motility, Intercourse Frequency & Fertilization (01:28:31) Sperm Production, GnRH, FSH, LH & Testosterone (01:36:21) Ejaculate Quality, Sperm Counts, Fertilization, Ectopic Pregnancy (01:44:14) Tool: Sexual Intercourse Frequency & Fertilization (01:53:24) Tools: Tracking Ovulation, Libido, Lubricants (01:56:42) Fecundability: Egg Quality & Woman’s Age, Cumulative Pregnancy Rate (02:08:17) Miscarriages, Chromosomal Abnormalities (02:11:23) Female Fertility: Age, Follicle Testing & Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Testing (02:18:51) Male Fertility: Sperm Analysis, Age (02:24:52) Fertility & Hormone Analysis, Age (02:29:07) Fertility Effects of Sleep, Cortisol/Stress, Cannabis/Nicotine & Alcohol (02:42:40) Fertility, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), Viral Infection & Cystic Fibrosis (02:47:42) Tool: Testicular Temperature & Fertility (02:51:26) Tool: Phones & Sperm Quality (02:58:06) Deliberate Cold Exposure & Fertility, Testicular Temperature, Cortisol/Stress (03:05:43) Fertility, Exercise & Mitochondrial Health; Intermittent Fasting (03:14:46) Testosterone Replacement Therapy & Sperm Production; Supplements (03:20:36) Sex Determination in Offspring, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Sperm Fractions (03:32:23) Postcoital Female Position & Fertilization, Sperm Quality (03:36:57) Cannabis & Sperm Motility, Libido, Pregnancy (03:42:33) Acupuncture, Fertility & Pregnancy (03:49:25) Fertility Supplements: L-Carnitine & Allicin, Coenzyme Q10 (03:56:18) Fertility Supplements: Inositol, Omega 3 Fatty Acids (04:02:50) Supplements for Hormones: Tongkat Ali, Shilajit, Zinc (04:13:02) Fertility & Prescription Medications (04:16:44) Human Reproduction & Fertility (04:20:12) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac