In this quick discussion of contemporary Filipino immigrant issues, Rodriguez explains how the "three basic problems" as discussed in Bulosan, explain emigration from the Philippines. The class transitions from a focus on the Philippines to Filipinos' early experiences in the U.S. Rodriguez discusses how race has shaped who is able to claim formal membership (i.e. citizenship in the United States) and begins to sketch out how this impacted Filipinos as U.S. "nationals" (neither quite citizens, and neither quite foreigners).