In these all-too-modern of times, we not only have fast food and instant coffee, but we also get to enjoy bite-sized philosophy. Why read Hegel or Kant or Descartes when we can, you know, get their entire philosophy summed up in a YouTube video? If this sounds snobby, it shouldn't, for no one is more guilty of this "hack" than I. Fortunately, Yady Oren, who has actually read Hegel, is here to explain Hegel's real philosophy of history. We also hear his opinion on whether the tenth plague was...

What, if anything, gets lost when we translate the Torah from Biblical Hebrew into English? Despite popular belief based on the English translation of the Torah, the Pharaoh did not exactly "harden his heart." Rather, he strengthened his heart, made his heart heavy, and even, perhaps, turned his heart into a liver. Rabbi Dovid Roberts is the rabbi and spiritual leader of the Kahal Adass Jisroel Synagogue, located in the heart of Berlin. In this interview, Rabbi Roberts explains why he reads...

In his 1940 work Moses and Monotheism, Freud made the provocative claim that Moses might have been an Egyptian! Even today, and even in secular circles, few would dare to voice this theory at the Passover Seder. Yet, Chaim Noll, German-Israeli writer and DDR dissident, explains why Moshe has far more controversy surrounding him than his lineage. In fact, it was Moshe's fondness for THE DESERT which was truly scandalous, at least by ancient standards.

We all have professors and teachers who taught a course which changed our lives. Rarely, however, do we get to sit down with them years later and reminisce on the class. And even more rarely do we get to do so in podcast form. Yet, this is exactly what I do with the professor who introduced me to Kafka's novel The Trial, which has been my favorite novel ever since.

We tend to view writers like J.K. Rowling and Shakespeare as magicians, baffled and floored by their ability to create exotic and captivating new worlds on the page. Yet, the dirty secret of writers is that fiction relies on time-tested storytelling techniques which anyone can learn. When Joseph reunites with his brothers, we see these ancient (and modern) storytelling tactics on full showcase. Richard Orodenker, writer and professor at Temple University, breaks down the literary stratagems...

We often dream about truly "random" things. Indeed, our dream life tends to look like a painting by Salvador Dali. Joseph believed that our dreams come from God. But what is God, actually? Is it possible that God, luck, and randomness are all intertwined? In my interview with Nate Klett, he explains how neuroscience remains utterly "in the dark" as to where (random) thoughts come from. Whether they have a "cause" or not remains a question of belief, not science.

How heartwarming a symbol is the “circle of life” really? Paul Stephan, Nietzsche expert and lecturer at the University of Leipzig, explains how Nietzsche’s theory of Eternal Return does not exactly mean that we should “live life to the fullest.” When I first heard this theory as a teenager, I made things far too easy on myself. And as I discussed way back in Episode 9, Season 1 of The Schrift, we need a more heroic answer for why Jacob and Joseph celebrated Passover four hundred years before...

On episode eight, season one of The Schrift, I asked whether we might find a healthier way to handle insults than through either passive-aggressive sniping or unabashedly aggressive slashing. Nietzsche, who could spot passive-aggressive behavior from a kilometer away, has some advice for us on this matter. Keegan Kjeldsen, host of "The Nietzsche Podcast," helps us figure out what Nietzsche really would have said about Levi and Simon's decision to avenge their sister Dinah through brute force.

The word "romantic" is not always as romantic as one might think. In the Torah, there is an unquestionable "love triangle" between Jacob, Rachel, and Leah. Two years ago on The Schrift, I questioned whether Jacob's love for the infertile Rachel might be read as a cautionary tale. Yet my interviewee Meir Goldberg teaches that this love triangle is elegant--not problematic. Meir explains why the Torah wants us to get married and have children and why it is not Jacob but we who are "lovesick."

When we make a decision, we "think" we decided through our thoughts, but we can never really be sure why we behaved in a particular way. It is largely a mystery how Isaac "decided" to choose Jacob rather than Esau to inherit his legacy. Certainly, Isaac did not rely on thinking alone. Wolfgang Schröder of Achtsamkeitspraxis Berlin explains how mindfulness can enable us to "think" with our entire being.

As an actor, Tim knew how to get inside the heads of his characters and see the world through their eyes. Now an acupuncturist, he applies this same empathy and skill to treat his patients. In 1923, Martin Buber wrote ich und du. He encouraged readers to see people, nature, animals, and even God as "du"--that is, to see them as subjects rather than objects--to merge with them. Unfortunately, there is no equivalent for "du" in English, which could have been rather useful for praying to God.

Who was Abraham? As a child, I always imagined him as a poor nomad rather than as a wealthy magnate. Two years ago on the Schrift, I considered whether Lot was the quintessential "nice guy" in the derogatory sense of that term. To shed light on these matters, I interview my Torah-learning partner Jordan Ledvina, whom I value for his straight-shooting style and his readiness to incorporate Nietzsche in Torah debates.

It is a mystery what exactly God means when he tells Abraham to "Lech Lecha," He might be telling Abraham to go to his innermost self. But this only makes the question more complicated. Do we have a self? Or are we more akin to onions? In this interview, which is a sequel to "Episode 2" of The Schrift, Gita and I discuss how yoga can allow us to rediscover the multiple selves within us, even the "turtle self."

Kyra Hense is an art and dance therapist based in Berlin. Through the healing power of dance, she helps people rediscover the freedom and creativity they once felt as children. This interview, inspired by the Torah reading of Noach and "Episode 2" of the Schrift, teaches us how dance can bring Dionysus, God of Ecstasy, out of our innermost depths without succumbing to Noah's fate.

Robbie Kramer is the founder and CEO of Inner Confidence and host of the Leverage Podcast. He helps men overcome the shame they might feel at expressing themselves romantically to a woman. This interview hearkens back to "Episode 1" of the Schrift, in which I asked why Adam and Eve, immediately after biting from the forbidden fruit, felt shame at their naked bodies. In this episode, we discover how inhibiting shame can be--in romance, in the workplace, in looking in the mirror--and how...

Stefan Willer is one of German literature's most cutting-edge professors, combining an expertise in German Romanticism with mind-bending theories on translation, knowledge of the future [Zukunftswissen], and etymology. In this interview, which picks up where "Episode 0" left off, Professor Willer and I explore what the German Romantics might have said about the untimely death of Moses, the circularity of the Torah, and the Torah's first letter.

Rome fell in 476 C.E. For nearly a thousand years, Italians walked past the Coliseum without really caring what stood before their eyes. The Italian Renaissance is what brought the ancient world into the present. Martin Buber called for a Jewish Renaissance in 1901. But for a true Renaissance to occur in Judaism, we must start reading the Torah again--and anew.

Gratitude is an art which we ought to cultivate. If we were pianists, our songs of thanksgiving would sound like "Chopsticks" when they could play like "Moonlight Sonata" instead. With complaining, however, we can rant with Chopin's finesse. King David and the Amidah prayer teach us how to be grateful with nuance. We need only invert our Faustian griping to turn our curses into prayers.

Countries are too easy. We distill an entire nation-state into a tiny rectangular box with a few colors which we call a “flag.” There are two Germanies and have always been two—Rhine Germany and Elbe Germany, West and East, latinized and Prussianized. When Hosea speaks of Lebanon, he refers to Mount Lebanon, not the Republic of Lebanon. As French vintners know, territory is not the same thing as terroir.

The price of a cold brew at Starbucks is about the same as a pound of sardines. How can this be? Karl Marx and Isaiah both lament this tragic-comedy and call on us to get our money's—or, even better, our labor's—worth.

Albert Einstein said that "compound interest is the most powerful force in the universe." Compounding is so powerful because it allows Malcolm Gladwell's concept of "tipping" to occur. Franz Kafka tipped on September 22, 1912, when he wrote his breakthrough story "The Judgment." Isaiah's prophecy that Israel would "tip," or in Hebrew, "lihafech," is playing out today right before our eyes.

The English language is ashamed of the word shame. We find an array of other words to replace it: embarrassed, shy, guilty, bashful. Yet, under all of these wordmasks lurks the feeling of shame. German, by contrast, is far more welcoming of the word shame (Scham). The prophet Isaiah shows how shame begins in childhood and should be treated at any cost. Paradoxically, it is only when we acknowledge shame that we can overcome it.

It is often said that “three is the magic number.” Might it be two? The fairy tale of The Three Little Bears and the three chances to guess Rumpelstiltskin’s name should not be altered. Two, however, can be as equally enchanting as three depending on the context. Benjamin Franklin once claimed that: “Well done is twice done.” The music of Mozart and the poetry of Isaiah demonstrate the magic of twice.

The Hebrew word "Shalom" means "peace," sure, but it also relates to paying and to completing. When we pay back our debts, we are experiencing "Shalom" just as much as when we sign a peace treaty. We typically think of debt only with regard to money, yet we can be in debt in an array of areas. We can learn from German culture the peacefulness which comes from living with a "time surplus." And Isaiah shows how learning about God brings the greatest "Shalom" of all.