Higher rates broadening the converts issuance market Convertible bonds (CBs) can offer equity-like returns with downside protection thanks to the coupon and the ability to redeem most CBs at par. Thus far in 2024, CB issuance has been active, well ahead of levels seen the last few years. Michael discusses the reasons for such an active issuance year, including that Pandemic debt issuance, which was at record levels in the convert space, is starting to come due and converts offer issuers the...

Earnings improvement is still fairly nascent In 2023, we saw an earnings recession, at least in the first half of the year, despite GDP growth that was ahead of trend. Back then, companies were adapting to higher rates, weaker demand and climbing costs, which weighed on earnings. Ohsung Kwon expects earnings growth to look much better in 2024. This year benefits from a lower 2023 earnings base on which to build as well as a number of positives, including rising margins through more rational...

Data trends are approaching Fed threshold for rate cuts The latest economic data releases this year suggest the labor market remains strong but is cooling and the consumer is resilient in the face of sticky inflation, especially on the services side of the economy. Michael Gapen says the rebound in the labor force, labor participation and net migration played a crucial role in his revised US GDP (gross domestic product) estimates where he forecasts higher economic growth in 2024 and lower...

Transports would ride the cycle but modes matter Transport metrics had been in an extended downturn for around 18 months. Demand was depressed, inventory levels were high and end demand for goods had faded from COVID highs. But more recently there are signs of stabilization in some of the data tracked by BofA Global Research, partly because trucking supply has been removed. And some purchasing managers indices, or PMIs, have shown modest improvement. Ken Hoexter discusses...

A number of things can go right for Europe Earlier this month, BofA Securities hosted a Global Investor Summit in Rome, Italy. In attendance were corporate executives, prominent investors, policy experts, members of BofA management and several BofA Global Research strategists. Topics ranged from private capital to understanding central banks to the future of Europe. Michael Hartnett suggests that while European markets have been doing well, you often hear a less bullish view of the world in...

Global growth matters for Emerging Markets At the start of the year, markets were pricing in three rate cuts by June and now, the likelihood of one cut by June is close to 50/50 based on market implied probabilities.  But while delayed rate cuts complicate the bull case for Emerging Markets (EM), David Hauner does point out that expectations for cuts have slid partly because of stronger economies, a positive for EM. Still, further delays in rate cuts would likely be a short-term negative for...

ESG topics still impacting stocks and there's more to come US ESG funds faced a challenging 2023, seeing net outflows of around $7.1 billion, but strong markets meant that assets under management grew strongly. In the US, ESG regulations have historically been market driven, unlike the specific directives in the EU, but more recently the regulatory landscape in the US has seen a flurry of initiatives. For investors, there is state legislation that seeks to penalize managers who boycott fossil...

Rate policy isn't the only big Fed change likely for '24 Since emerging from the COVID pandemic, the Fed has contracted the size of its balance sheet, also known as Quantitative Tightening (QT). They've done this by allowing their Treasury holdings to mature without reinvesting the proceeds. This has placed upward pressure on yields, all else equal. But the Fed is expected to slow this process later this year. Mark Cabana says this is good news for the Treasury market as it means the private...

M&A activity should increase but not everywhere M&A (Mergers & Acquisition) activity had fallen to well-below the 10Y average over the last 2 years. There are various reasons for this slowdown, including higher rates and negative corporate sentiment. But between equity markets faring well over the last year and interest rates off highs, there are some reasons to expect a recovery. Indeed, we've seen a bit of an uptick. We speak with Jill Hall who points out that SMID cap...

The dynamics of the US gas market about to change US oil production grew roughly 1mm barrels per day in 2023 and while US production growth may be slowing, it's growing elsewhere including in Guyana and Brazil. Such growth outside of Saudi threatens their market share, and that could mean even more supply as Saudi looks to take that share back. That all makes for a tough backdrop for the oil price and oil-levered equities, but the situation is more positive for equities levered to US...

Bundling, targeted ads among streaming growth drivers Streaming video choices have ballooned over the last decade and leading streamers are already reaching well over half of US households. But there are still a number of compelling growth drivers. The crackdown on password sharing is underway and can boost subscribers, so can bunding deals, such as those with wireless companies and there's still room for much better ad targeting. Meanwhile, streaming companies are slowing their investment...

Investors face a much different backdrop in 2024 Our Economics and Strategy teams expect central banks in developed economies to start cutting rates in '24, inflation to slow further and the dollar to weaken. But questions persist, ranging from which emerging economies may perform best amidst the weakening dollar backdrop, whether 10Y Treasury rates will follow Fed Funds rates lower, and if the markets might be too complacent about inflation and growth. Members of our Economics and Strategy...

Desert island album? How about fresh water. Less than 1% of the world's water supply is usable and the demand for water is growing faster than the population, creating a scarcity issue for the world's most important resource. AI requires a substantial amount of processing power and that means more water is needed to cool servers in data centers. In fact, one liter of water is consumed for every 40 ChatGPT commands processed. But, the good news is that there are relatively cost effective...

Heavy supply likely limits the downside in 10Y yields Treasury bond yields are off recent highs but still up 40bps+ YTD and at the highest levels in 15 years. This is despite a decline in the inflation rate and an expectation from our Economics team that disinflation will continue. But bond yields are high not just because inflation is higher than recent trend, they're also high because of higher bond supply and less demand. Megan Swiber from Rates Strategy discusses the $8T of Treasuries...

Many businesses to see AI benefits within medium term The democratization of artificial intelligence or AI has created a major tech wave for consumers. AI promises to make some businesses more efficient and even help businesses generate more revenue. We surveyed BofA Global Research analysts across the globe and found that 94% of covered companies plan to use AI to become more efficient and generate revenue. Survey participants expect 75% of companies to see positive AI benefits within the...

Productivity gains from AI will drive margin growth The S&P 500 has enjoyed double digit gains this year thanks in part to waning recession concerns and a resilient consumer that has been somewhat insulated from higher interest rates. We sit down with Head of US Equity and Quantitative Strategy, Savita Subramanian, who remains bullish on US equities from these levels. Savita believes that in this backdrop of high inflation, wage growth and interest rates, companies will likely focus more...

GLP-1 impact should be big but lots of puts and takes Almost 40% of US adults are obese and the US healthcare system spends nearly $173 billion a year on obesity-related medical costs. In the past, exercise and diet regiments were the best solutions for combating obesity but now there's an injectable called a GLP-1. These drugs trigger receptors in the brain to suppress appetites, cravings and addictive behaviors. Pete Galbo explains GLP-1s could mean less snacking but even years from now...

The EM growth story should unfold in the spring Oil prices have rallied over the last few months and while Francisco Blanch has crude oil forecasts above the commodity curve for 2024, the curve is downward sloping as demand growth is expected to be weaker and supply stronger. With Emerging Markets (EM) now negatively correlated with oil prices, lower oil could be a relief-China and India are now the biggest importers of oil in the world. David Hauner adds that 80% of EM returns tend to...

Future of charging depends on complicated questions Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to account for 35% of new vehicle sales in North America by the end of this decade. This means more EV charging stations will be needed, but the mix between expensive fast chargers, like those seen at highway rest areas, and cheaper slow chargers is debated. Especially as most trips are short and easily within vehicle range. Alex Vrabel joins us to discuss how public why auto OEMs have recently coalesced...

Narrowbody aircrafts will usher in a new era of aviation The commercial aircraft market offers fairly steady and attractive growth. About 2-3% of the fleet gets replaced every year and on top of that, the fleet is likely to keep expanding, as air traffic is expected to grow at about 1.5x-1.7x the rate of Global GDP. Within the commercial market, narrowbody aircraft, which traditionally have just one aisle, have been gaining share as fuel efficiency has improved range and because these planes...

Sticky inflation means the Fed put slips away Volatility markets in rates and equities are sending different signals. Equity volatility has fallen back to pre-COVID levels while rate volatility is still elevated. Ben Bowler suggests that despite lots of uncertainty in rate markets, equity investors are still conditioned to "buy the dip." But high inflation means that the free Fed backstop is no longer and tail risks are greater. The low level of implied equity volatility means that there's an...

Inflation is positive for Japan and BoJ wants it to sustain Japan's economy has been stuck in a negative feedback loop of low growth, low inflation and interest rates since the asset bubble burst in the late 1980s. An environment of little to no inflation reduced the desire to raise wages, to invest and to spend. But the return of inflation can mean corporate investments in productivity, in growth and a consumer desire to spend. As the purchasing power of cash erodes, investors could...

Lithium price likely to fall and take battery costs down too Lithium is one of the more abundant minerals found in the Earth's crust and relative to other metals markets, like copper, it's still fairly small in size, which helps to explain the volatility. Even though global EV (electric vehicle) penetration is expected to rise to 40% by the end of the decade, Matt DeYoe sees an oversupply of lithium in 2024 and 2025, pressuring prices for the metal and providing cost relief for battery...

You can't fly to Ithaca when you're in Italy US network airlines have benefited from booming demand for international travel this summer. Revenues for US to Europe routes are 45% higher than pre-pandemic, helped by pent up demand and a lifting of all restrictions. Domestic beach and mountain destinations were great options in 2021 but have lost share as people set their sights abroad. But Andrew Didora believes we should see some normalization this Fall as people who had traveled...

AI to drive productivity and margin expansion over time Companies have faced rising cost pressures as they emerged from the short-lived COVID downturn. The price of raw materials, labor and money has all risen but there are positives that come with this changing dynamic-companies are forced to focus on efficiency. Savita Subramanian believes we are at the forefront of a productivity boom driven partly by AI but also corporate necessity. Savita points out that the pace of...