Transcript: Logic is a fundamental tool of the scientific method. In logic we can combine statements that are made in words or in mathematical symbols to produce concrete and predictable results. Logic is one of the ways that science moves forward. The first ideas of logic using words were put together by the Greek philosophers, especially Aristotle. The equivalent mathematical formalism for logic was put together about a hundred years ago by the philosopher Bertrand Russell. The word logic comes from a Greek root “logos” meaning logical, natural order. The Greeks believed that the universe was a rational place, and in fact the word cosmos, which we take today to mean the universe and everything in it, meant a little bit more to the Greeks. Cosmos meant natural and harmonious working of all the parts in the whole. The antithesis of cosmos is chaos, disorder and utter disorganization. So for the Greeks the universe was a balance between cosmos and chaos, and logic was their way of making sense of the natural world.