In 1976, India adopted Article 51 A(h), making the development of a scientific temper, a duty of every citizen. Inclusion of that Article, put India, into a club of one, the only country, which requires, of its citizens, the development of a scientific temper, a shorthand for temperament promoted by Jawaharlal Nehru. Like some other Emergency  period changes in the Constitution, those who opposed the abandonment of democracy, retained this provision, when they came to power.  That Fundamental Duty  would be the basis of an advance in thinking, of the purpose of education, best articulated in the National Curriculum Framework in 2005 and most recently in the National Education Policy 2020: The Indian as Global Citizen Further Reading  1. https://doj.gov.in/sites/default/files/Fundamental-duties_0.pdf 2. https://ncert.nic.in/pdf/nc-framework/nf2005-english.pdf 3. https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf    --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/baroqque/message