The explosion in diagnostic tools to identify immune-mediated myelopathies has led to much more precise diagnosis and treatment of these patients, but also created gaps in knowledge. In this episode, Kait Nevel, MD speaks with Michael Levy, MD, PhD, FAAN author of the article “Immune-Mediated Myelopathies,” in the Continuum February 2024 Spinal Cord Disorders issue. Dr. Nevel is a Continuum® Audio interviewer and a neurologist and neuro-oncologist at Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr. Levy is an associate professor at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts.  Additional Resources Read the article: Immune-Mediated Myelopathies Subscribe to Continuum: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @IUneurodocmom Guest: @mlevy18 Transcript  Full transcript available on Libsyn Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum, the premier topic-based neurology clinical review and CME journal from the American Academy of Neurology. Thank you for joining us on Continuum Audio, a companion podcast to the journal. Continuum Audio features conversations with the guest editors and authors of Continuum, who are the leading experts in their fields. Subscribers to the Continuum journal can read the full article or listen to verbatim recordings of the article by visiting the link in the show notes. Subscribers also have access to exclusive audio content not featured on the podcast. As an ad-free journal entirely supported by subscriptions, if you're not already a subscriber, we encourage you to become one. For more information on subscribing, please visit the link in the episode notes. AAN members, stay tuned after the episode to hear how you can get CME for listening. Dr Nevel: This is Dr Kait Nevel. Today, I'm interviewing Dr Michael Levy on immune-mediated myelopathies, which is part of the February 2024 Continuum issue on spinal cord disorders. Dr Levy is an Associate Professor at Massachusetts General Hospital in Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. Welcome to the podcast. Thank you so much for being here today and chatting with me about your article. I really enjoyed reading your article. I read through it, and it felt like, you know, just really enjoyable. I had no concept of time when I was reading it. I encourage all of the listeners to read the article, too. I'll start with just a really broad question, with - what is the most important, clinically relevant thing from your article that you'd like the neurologist listening today to know? Dr Levy: I would say that the group of conditions in which the immune system can attack the spinal cord are growing. We're getting better at identifying the specific antigens, like in the case of NMO neuromyelitis optica and in MOG antibody disease. We're getting better at identifying targets for treatment, like with neurosarcoidosis - identifying those biologics that seem to help. And then, we're even beginning to characterize some of the idiopathic forms, some of which follow covid, or vaccines, or other conditions. I think the message is that we're getting a lot better out there, and if you have a case of inflammation in the spinal cord, then this is something that has a good workup now (and people should be paying attention to articles like this that give them an idea for how to work this up), and then the most appropriate treatment. Dr Nevel: Right. And not to get too much “in the weeds,” but in your article, you really outlined very nicely an algorithm or stepwise approach in evaluating patients with suspected immune-mediated myelopathies. Could you just briefly go