Want to learn more Postgres? Check out my Postgres course: https://masteringpostgres.com.  In this interview, I talk with Jesse Hanley, founder of Bento, about running a lean email service from Japan. We chat about the challenges of scaling infrastructure, managing databases, and maintaining a calm business while serving a global customer base.  Links Mentioned: Bento: https://bentonow.com Database school on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLI72dgeNJtzqElnNB6sQoAn2R-F3Vqm15 Database school audio only: https://databaseschool.transistor.fm Follow Jesse: Twitter: https://twitter.com/jessethanley Bento on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Bento Follow Aaron: Twitter: https://twitter.com/aarondfrancis LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aarondfrancis Website: https://aaronfrancis.com - find articles, podcasts, courses, and more. Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction to Jesse Hanley 01:02 - Running Bento from Japan 01:48 - The Lean Team Structure at Bento 03:00 - Managing Support via Discord 05:01 - Benefits of Using Discord for Customer Support 06:45 - The Role of Community in Customer Feedback 09:01 - How Bento Gained Traction 13:00 - Bootstrapping Bento and Profitable Growth 16:00 - Running Your Own Mail Servers 19:03 - The Economics and Redundancy of Email Delivery 21:00 - Bento's Heroku Setup and Scaling Challenges 26:00 - Handling and Querying Massive Data in Bento 29:52 - Leveraging Elasticsearch for Data Queries 35:40 - Moving Toward Multi-Database Solutions 37:45 - Exploring Crunchy Data and Citus for Database Scaling 42:00 - Optimizing Bento for Performance and Scalability 54:02 - Jesse’s Advice on Building a Calm and Profitable Business 57:00 - How Bento Uses WebSockets and Background Jobs 1:00:00 - Optimizing Bento with Action Cable 1:02:25 - Avoiding N+1 Queries with WebSockets 1:04:50 - Scaling Redis and Postgres at Bento 1:09:00 - Jesse’s Approach to Managing Growth and Multiple Services 1:11:00 - Final Thoughts on Scaling and Optimizing Databases 1:13:10 - Advice for Aspiring Builders: Stay Patient and True to Your Vision 1:16:00 - Bento’s Unique Approach to Email Marketing and Transactional Emails 1:19:50 - Closing Thoughts and Where to Find Jesse Hanley Online