Ulman offers examples of different humanities visualization projects as way of examining the concept of “big data” and how we might set an agenda for a visualization studio. Interrogating the concepts of “close,” “distant,” “wide," and "deep" reading, he suggests that it is not the size of the data set but the broadness of the opportunities for investigation that should determine the kind of projects to be addressed by the humanities visualization studio. Ulman demonstrates how applying visualization techniques that provide a "wide" view of the data found in the Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives can offer new insights and conclusions. Similarly, investigating single words in Louisa A. Doane’s Journal of Two Ocean Voyages (1850-52) against the "wide" canvas of the Google Books database increased students understanding of historical context and meaning. He suggests that archival finding aids can be made more understandable and facilitate research more effectively by employing visualization tools. Finally, by exploring the process of transforming "deep" text-encoding markup into reading or "surface" versions of texts, Ulman shows how electronic textual editions in themselves are visualizations of complex or "big" data. In these ways, data sets that seem small in size can have larger meaning through data visualization.