This week, Paul talks to Mike Fave, critical care RN, about all things sugar & fructose. They share their thoughts on a recent podcast with Andrew Huberman and Alex Lustig, and why they disagree with certain points made about insulin, fruit juice, and fructose. 00:00:00 Podcast begins 00:04:00 Mike’s background 00:05:15 Diving into fructose 00:13:00 Thoughts on honey and other carb sources 00:27:30 Robert Lustig rebuttal: is fructose addictive? 00:37:40 Fructose & fiber 00:47:00 How fructose affects the mitochondria 00:51:00 Clarifying hyperglycemia vs. a postprandial hyperglycemia 00:56:17 Is insulin the bad guy? 01:12:20 How insulin relates to diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance 01:23:30 Balancing protein, fat and carbohydrates 01:30:00 Is fructose making us fat? 01:46:00 Final thoughts Connect with Mike: Mikefave.com https://m.youtube.com/@MikeFaveSimplified References: Review article: fructose malabsorption and the bigger picture: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03186.x A Relationship between Reduced Nucleus Accumbens Shell and Enhanced Lateral Hypothalamic Orexin Neuronal Activation in Long-Term Fructose Bingeing Behavior: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988143/ A High-Fat Meal, or Intraperitoneal Administration of a Fat Emulsion, Increases Extracellular Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061790/ A Relationship between Reduced Nucleus Accumbens Shell and Enhanced Lateral Hypothalamic Orexin Neuronal Activation in Long-Term Fructose Bingeing Behavior: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988143/ The regulation of glucose metabolism: implications and considerations for the assessment of glucose homeostasis in rodents: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2014?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org Consumption of Raw Orange, 100% Fresh Orange Juice, and Nectar- Sweetened Orange Juice—Effects on Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels on Healthy Subjects: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770506/ The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Futures Perspectives: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9736284/#B37-foods-11-03934 The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Futures Perspectives: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9736284/#B37-foods-11-03934 Formation of Fructose-Mediated Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Roles in Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5227984/ Altered glycolytic and oxidative capacities of skeletal muscle contribute to insulin resistance in NIDDM: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9216960/ Glucagon and type 2 diabetes: the return of the alpha cell: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25344790/ Insulin, growth hormone and sport: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11431133/ Effect of Mild Physiologic Hyperglycemia on Insulin Secretion, Insulin Clearance, and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Glucose-Tolerant Subjects: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7881846/ Fructose metabolism in humans – what isotopic tracer studies tell us: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3533803/ Absorption capacity of fructose in healthy adults. Comparison with sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1433856/ Review article: fructose malabsorption and the bigger picture: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03186.x Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in the development of fructose-induced hepatic steatosis in mice: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19637282/ Fructose Promotes Leaky Gut, Endotoxemia and Liver Fibrosis through CYP2E1-Mediated Oxidative and Nitrative Stress: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6783321/