Overview Urinalysis Color & Clarity Protein RBC WBC Glucose Specific gravity Ketones pH Bilirubin/Urobilinogen Nursing Points General Normal value range Color & Clarity Normal – Yellow Other colors Drug interactions Propofol  – green Methylene blue – blue/green Trauma Red/Brown Liver failure Brown/tea colored Clear – Normal Cloudy Cell or contaminant related Turbid Severe presence of cells (WBC, RBC) pH ~6 Changes in body condition can change pH Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis Protein 0-trace Glomerular permeability/infection RBC 0-2 Bleeding Trauma/injury  below kidneys WBC Negative Sepsis/Infection/UTI Glucose Negative Diabetes Ketones Negative Presence of ketones can indicate endocrine disease like Diabetes Urine Specific Gravity 1.010-1.030 Facilities vary Ability to concentrate urine Hydration Overhydration Decreased USG Dehydration Increased USG Diabetes insipidus Causes increased diuresis SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone) Causes decreased diuresis Bilirubin/Urobilinogen Negative Presence indicates potential liver problems Nursing Concepts Lab Values Elimination