MedLink Neurology Podcast is delighted to feature selected episodes from BrainWaves, courtesy of James E Siegler MD, its originator and host. BrainWaves is an academic audio podcast whose mission is to educate medical providers through clinical cases and topical reviews in neurology, medicine, and the humanities, and episodes originally aired from 2016 to 2021.   Originally released: January 4, 2018   You've probably heard of the 10,000-hour rule--or maybe the 10-year rule. The time it takes to master a skill. But what is the evidence for this, and was Malcolm Gladwell's interpretation of it (from his book, Outliers) correct? From mindfulness to memory palaces, this week we explore the neuroscience of expertise.   Produced by James E Siegler. Music by Mozart, Brendan Kinsella, Jon Watts, Mike Durek, and Lee Rosevere. Voiceover by David Manly. BrainWaves' podcasts and online content are intended for medical education only and should not be used for clinical decision-making.   REFERENCES   Ericsson KA, Krampe RT, Teschromer C. The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychol Rev 1993;100:363-406. Macnamara BN, Hambrick DZ, Oswald FL. Deliberate practice and performance in music, games, sports, education, and professions: a meta-analysis. Psychol Sci 2014;25(8):1608-18. Erratum in: Psychol Sci 2018;29(7):1202-4. PMID 24986855 Raskin E. Comparison of scientific and literary ability: a biographical study of eminent scientists and letters of the nineteenth century. J Abnormal Social Psychol 1936;31:20-35.     We believe that the principles expressed or implied in the podcast remain valid, but certain details may be superseded by evolving knowledge since the episode’s original release date.