Gary Powney and Tom Oliver explain how using data from the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme they can assess functional connectivity - the permeability of landscapes.

Nicholas Gotelli and Fernando T. Maestre discuss simple randomization tests for quantifying the effect of species on ecosystem variables, and the use of "natural experiments" to explore their contribution to ecosystem function.

Shannon Pelini demonstrates experimental equipment designed to test the effects of warmer climates on forest ecosystems - and, particuarly, arthropods.