#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: [email protected] ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources in order from start to finish: Gabunia, Leo; et al. (2000). "Earliest Pleistocene Hominid Cranial Remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia: Taxonomy, Geological Setting, and Age". Science. 288 (5468): 1019–1025. Carbonell, E. (2008). "The first hominin of Europe" (PDF). Nature. 452 (7186): 465–469. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..465C. doi:10.1038/nature06815. hdl:2027.42/62855. PMID 18368116. S2CID 4401629. Klein, R. (2009). "Hominin dispersals in the Old World". In Scarre, C. (ed.). The Human Past (2nd ed.). Thames and Hudson. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-500-29063-7. Arsuaga, J. L.; Martínez, I.; Gracia, A.; Lorenzo, C. (1997). "The Sima de los Huesos crania (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). A comparative study". Journal of Human Evolution. 33 (2–3): 219–281. doi:10.1006/jhev.1997.0133. PMID 9300343. Chen, Lu, et al. “Identifying and Interpreting Apparent Neanderthal Ancestry in African Individuals.” Cell, Cell Press, 30 Jan. 2020, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867420300593. Hoffecker, John F. “Out of Africa: Modern Human Origins Special Feature: The Spread of Modern Humans in Europe.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, National Academy of Sciences, 22 Sept. 2009, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752585/. Higham, Tom, et al. “The Earliest Evidence for Anatomically Modern Humans in Northwestern Europe.” NASA/ADS, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.479..521H/abstract. Lalueza-Fox, C.; Sampietro, M. L.; Caramelli, D.; Puder, Y. (2013). "Neandertal evolutionary genetics: mitochondrial DNA data from the iberian peninsula". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (4): 1077–1081. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi094. PMID 15689531. Fabre, V.; Condemi, S.; Degioanni, A. (2009). "Genetic evidence of geographical groups among Neanderthals". PLOS ONE. 4 (4): e5151. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5151F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005151. PMC 2664900. PMID 19367332. Trinkaus, Erik. “European Early Modern Humans and the Fate of the Neandertals.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, National Academy of Sciences, 1 May 2007, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1863481/. Lieberman, D. E. (1998). "Sphenoid shortening and the evolution of modern human cranial shape". Nature. 393 (6681): 158–162. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..158L. doi:10.1038/30227. PMID 9603517. S2CID 4409749. Formicola, V.; Giannecchini, M. (1998). "Evolutionary trends of stature in Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europe". Journal of Human Evolution. 36 (3): 319–333. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0270. PMID 10074386. Allentoft, M. E.; Sikora, M. (2015). "Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia". Nature. 522 (7, 555): 167–172. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..167A. doi:10.1038/nature14507. PMID 26062507. S2CID 4399103. Beleza, S.; et al. (2012). "The Timing of Pigmentation Lightening in Europeans". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 30: 24–35. doi:10.1093/molbev/mss207. PMC 3525146. PMID 22923467. Jones, E.R. (2015). "Upper Palaeolit