Bonus Episode: Persophony & Persography (in Persian) پارسی نویسی و پارسی خوانی
Description
Persophony and Persography as Symbols of Iranian Unity and the Reza-Khani Order
In this presentation, delivered in Persian at the First International Symposium on Iranian Ancient Languages and Scripts - From Turpan to Ctesiphon - on May 15th, 2022, in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, I explore how the use of Persian, both in writing and speech over the past millennium, has contributed to the concept of Iranian unity and the national identity of the Iranian people. This idea is linked to the establishment of the Rezā Khān Order in 1914, which led to the founding of the first Iranian Academy, known as Farhangestan. The Academy aimed to foster and cultivate the Persian language and literature within Iran's borders.
The creation of Farhangestān mirrors a broader tradition seen in Western countries, where language academies have sought to protect and nurture national languages for centuries. Examples include the Crusca Academy in Italy (1582), the Alliance Française in France (1620), and the Real Academia Española in Spain (1713). Farhangestān’s history in Iran began on May 20, 1935. Although the media rarely acknowledges the early efforts of the Iranian Academy, particularly in the realm of linguistics and the selection and refinement of Persian vocabulary, it is important to note that its foundation was laid earlier, in 1924/1925, by representatives from the Ministries of War, Culture, and Art during the first Pahlavi era. The clear directive from Reza Shah in 1935, known as "Destūre Rezā Khani," formalized these efforts.
Reza Shah's order was undoubtedly the most systematic and enduring response to the chaotic state of the Persian language at the end of the Qajar period and the early 20th century—a language that had been subjected to foreign influences for over a millennium, absorbing Arabic, Mongolian, and Turkish elements, and now faced the influx of European terms. In this talk, I will highlight some of the key efforts of the Farhangestān Academy, offering prominent examples, while also discussing the challenges the institution has encountered since its inception.
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پارسی نویسی و پارسی خوانی چونان نماد همبستگی ایرانی و دستور رضاخانی
فرهنگستان چونان سازمانی که آرمان آن پاسداری، پشتیبانی، بالش و پرورش زبان ملی یک سرزمین است، در باختر زمین پیشینه ی گاه بیش از چهار سده را در برمیگیرد. آکادمی کروسکا در ایتالیا (۱۵۸۲)، آکادمی آلیانس در فرانسه (۱۶۲۰) و رئال آکادمی در اسپانیا (۱۷۱۳) نمونههایی از بنیادهایی هستند که در این زمینه تلاش می کنند. تاریخ فرهنگستان در ایران به ۱۳۱۴ خورشیدی، یعنی به هشتاد و اندی سال پیش بازمی گردد. گرچه امروز در رسانه های گروهی کمتر سخنی از کوشش های نخستین فرهنگستان ایران در زمینهی زبانشناختی و بر پایهی واژه گزینی و پالوده سازی زبان پارسی به میان میآید، اما بیجا نیست که بدانیم که پیشتاز این اندیشه - که شالوده ی آن پیشاپیش در سال ۱۳۰۳ خورشیدی و از سوی گروهی از نمایندگان وزارت خانه های جنگ، فرهنگ و هنر دوران پهلوی نخست پیریزی شده بود - فرمان روشن رضاشاه در سال ۱۳۱۴ بود که سپس به "دستور رضاخانی" شهره شد. دستور رضاخانی بی گمان بنیادیترین و استوارترین و همچنین سا
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Published 11/04/24