Join us for an illuminating conversation with Drs. Joachim Krauss, Marwan Hariz, and Christian Moll, as we delve into the history of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, and the impact of serendipity in driving discovery. In the first part of the episode, we explore the fascinating history of Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery, discussing the advances in technology and surgical techniques that have led to the current state of the field. We also touch on the challenges and ethical considerations involved in Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, as outlined in Rzesnitzek et al.’s paper “Psychosurgery in the History of Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery.” In the second part of the episode, we turn our attention to the role of serendipity in scientific discovery, inspired by Hariz et al.’s paper “Serendipity and Observations in Functional Neurosurgery: From James Parkinson’s Stroke to Hamani’s & Lozano’s Flashbacks.” We discuss the power of chance observations and unexpected findings in advancing our understanding of the brain and improving patient outcomes. We also debate the strengths and limitations of the serendipitous approach to discovery, in contrast to more systematic methods of target discovery. Overall, our conversation with Drs. Krauss, Hariz, and Moll sheds light on the rich history and exciting future of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, and the fascinating interplay between serendipity and scientific discovery.