PT, PTA – this podcast may help you meet your continuing education requirements. Access Relias Academy to review course certificate information.   Are you aware that a person can have persistent symptoms for months or even years after a concussion? Can you recognize the symptoms and provide the necessary intervention to support these patients in their recovery? In this episode, we talk with Dr. Danit Macklin, a concussion specialist, about key characteristics of persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) and effective interventions for adults and older adults. How are we doing? Click here to give us feedback (01:53) Takeaways from Today’s Discussion(02:22) Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms and Prevalence(05:03) Risk Factors Associated with PPCS(06:14) Treatment Approach Based on the Clinical Practice Guideline(08:31) The Importance of Early Education: A Case Example(13:50) Grounding Exercises and Meditation(15:37) Motor Function Treatment(20:07) Vestibular and Oculomotor Treatment(34:34) Interdisciplinary Care and Collaborative Opportunities(37:47) Sleep Hygiene Techniques(40:04) Treating the Cervical Spine: A Case Example(46:08) Addressing Exertion Symptoms: A Case Example(52:21) Confusing Presentation of Older Adult: A Case Example(56:14) Treating Patients for PPCS with Cognitive Impairment(57:52) Referrals for Persistent Symptoms(58:50) Conclusion  The content for this course was created by Danit Macklin, PT, DPT, ITPT. The content for this course was created by Wendy Phillips, PT, BSPT. Here is how Relias can help you earn continuing education credits:  Access your Relias Library offered by your employer to see course certificate information and exam;  or  Access the continuing education library for clinicians at Relias Academy. Review the course certificate information, and if eligible, you can purchase the course to access the course exam and receive your certificate.  Learn more about Relias at www.relias.com.    Legal Disclaimer: The content of Stretch: Relias Rehab Therapy Education is provided only for educational and training purposes for healthcare professionals. The educational material provided in this podcast should not be used as medical advice to treat any medical condition in either yourself or others.  Resources  See additional Relias courses for more information on concussion.   Clinical Practice Guideline: https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2020.0301   Headache Impact Test (HIT): https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5615114ee4b0c5764cd969fa/t/58b8243546c3c446152c981f/1488462901563/HIT6+Headache_Impact_Test_Questionnaire.pdf   Cervical Joint Position Error (membership required): https://www.apta.org/patient-care/evidence-based-practice-resources/test-measures/cervical-joint-position-error-jpe-cervical-kinesthetic-sense-cervical-joint-position-error-test-cervical-jpet   Neck Disability Index (NDI): https://www.smcnd.org/assets/docs/pt/neck_disability_index.pdf   Possible Diagnoses Codes to Use with PPCS: Diagnoses Codes Codes you may use when treating patients with PPCS: OXOA Concussion without LOC, initial encounter OX9A Concussion with LOC, initial encounter 309 Post-traumatic headache, unspecified, not intractable 301 Post-traumatic headache, unspecified, intractable 81 Unsteadiness on Feet R42 Dizziness and Giddiness 19 Visual Disturbances