For Christians accustomed to certain ideas of heaven and hell, other views of the afterlife in Scripture may seem strange. But Jewish views of the afterlife have a storied and fascinating tradition of their own. In this episode, Dru is joined by Dr. Jeremiah Unterman, Senior Fellow at the Center for Hebraic thought. They discuss Jewish views of the afterlife from the ancient to modern times, encountering the concepts of sheol, ruach, gehenna, immortality, and judgment. Dr. Unterman offers perspectives on the story of Saul and the Necromancer, the phrase "gathered to their fathers," burial practices of the ancient Near East, and the role that theodicy plays in developing Jewish views of the afterlife. Jerry Unterman is a Resident Scholar at the Herzl Institute, former professor (Yeshiva University, Northwestern University, and others), an author, and Senior Fellow at the Center for Hebraic Thought. In 2017, he released Justice for All: How the Jewish Bible Revolutionized Ethics, a look at the influence of the Hebrew Scriptures on the values and practices of the modern world. Show notes: 0:00 Sheol and polytheism 1:37 Egyptian versus Hebraic views of the afterlife 4:09 Death in the Torah and Psalms 6:07 The Necromancer of Endor 9:18 Burial and "raising up" 13:20 Hellenistic Judaism 17:13 The idea of the soul and the world to come 21:46 Greek versus Hebrew thought in the Apocrypha 24:30 Medieval and Modern Jewish perspectives on the afterlife 29:08 Looking at the New Testament 33:40 The Talmud on Gehenna Show notes by Micah Long Credits for the music used in TBM podcast can be found at: hebraicthought.org/credits.