Calcium administration to trauma patients has become a hot topic with the rise of the “Lethal Diamond."  While evidence exists regarding the association between hypocalcemia and mortality, it remains unclear whether hypocalcemia is the problem or simply a finding secondary to critical injury.  In this podcast, Dr. Lauria reviews the evidence behind calcium administration in trauma and identifies which patients, given the available evidence, might benefit from calcium administration. Don't miss another FlightBridgeED Podcast feature episode of the MDCast! So much good stuff! Please like, subscribe, and leave any questions or comments. References for the use of Calcium in Severe Trauma Chanthima P, Yuwapattanawong K, Thamjamrassri T, et al. Association Between Ionized Calcium Concentrations During Hemostatic Transfusion and Calcium Treatment With Mortality in Major Trauma. Anesth Analg. Jun 1 2021;132(6):1684-1691. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000005431 D B. Prehospital administration of calcium in trauma J Paramed Prac. 2022; DeBot M, Sauaia A, Schaid T, Moore EE. Trauma-induced hypocalcemia. Transfusion. Aug 2022;62 Suppl 1:S274-S280. doi:10.1111/trf.16959 Ditzel RM, Jr., Anderson JL, Eisenhart WJ, et al. A review of transfusion- and trauma-induced hypocalcemia: Is it time to change the lethal triad to the lethal diamond? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. Mar 2020;88(3):434-439. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000002570 Giancarelli A, Birrer KL, Alban RF, Hobbs BP, Liu-DeRyke X. Hypocalcemia in trauma patients receiving massive transfusion. J Surg Res. May 1 2016;202(1):182-7. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2015.12.036 Kronstedt S, Roberts N, Ditzel R, et al. Hypocalcemia as a predictor of mortality and transfusion. A scoping review of hypocalcemia in trauma and hemostatic resuscitation. Transfusion. Aug 2022;62 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S158-S166. doi:10.1111/trf.16965 Leech C, Clarke E. Pre-hospital blood products and calcium replacement protocols in UK critical care services: A survey of current practice. Resusc Plus. Sep 2022;11:100282. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100282 Messias Hirano Padrao E, Bustos B, Mahesh A, et al. Calcium use during cardiac arrest: A systematic review. Resusc Plus. Dec 2022;12:100315. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100315 Moore HB, Tessmer MT, Moore EE, et al. Forgot calcium? Admission ionized-calcium in two civilian randomized controlled trials of prehospital plasma for traumatic hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. May 2020;88(5):588-596. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000002614 Savioli G, Ceresa IF, Caneva L, Gerosa S, Ricevuti G. Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy: Overview of an Emerging Medical Problem from Pathophysiology to Outcomes. Medicines (Basel). Mar 24 2021;8(4)doi:10.3390/medicines8040016 Steele T, Kolamunnage-Dona R, Downey C, Toh CH, Welters I. Assessment and clinical course of hypocalcemia in critical illness. Crit Care. Jun 4 2013;17(3):R106. doi:10.1186/cc12756 Stueven H, Thompson BM, Aprahamian C, Darin JC. Use of calcium in prehospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med. Mar 1983;12(3):136-9. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(83)80551-4 Vallentin MF, Granfeldt A, Meilandt C, et al. Effect of Intravenous or Intraosseous Calcium vs Saline on Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Adults With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. Dec 14 2021;326(22):2268-2276. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.20929 Vallentin MF, Povlsen AL, Granfeldt A, Terkelsen CJ, Andersen LW. Effect of calcium in patients with pulseless electrical activity and electrocardiographic characteristics potentially associated with hyperkalemia and ischemia-sub-study of the Calcium for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (COCA) trial. Resuscitation. Dec 2022;181:150-157. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.11.006 Vasudeva M, Mathew JK, Groombridge C, et al. Hypocalcemia in trauma patients: A systematic review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. Feb 1 2021;90(2):396-402. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000003027 Vettorello M, Altomare M, Spota A, et al. Early Hypocalcemia in Severe Trauma: An