Here Bruce reflects on AI researcher Kenneth Stanley’s assertion that setting specific, measurable goals may actually hinder discovery and innovation, which he writes about in his book, Why Greatness Cannot Be Planned: The Myth of the Objective. How does Stanley’s insight relate to critical rationalism, education, and life in general? We cover topics including: Why are objective sometimes misleading? When are objectives appropriate and when are they misleading? How did Stanley and his team discover the problems with objectives? How does this relate to the problem of open-endedness? How did he implement a program to explore alternatives? What was the result? What are implications for AI/AGI, scientific research, and education? How does these theories relate to Darwinian evolution and Popperian epistemology? Are natural selection and biological evolution the same thing? How important is 'selection' to knowledge creation? Follow us on Twitter: https://x.com/bnielson01 --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/four-strands/support