I was on a business trip to Vietnam last week, and I had a reflection while visiting my client. In any organization, strategic planning is crucial for success. Imagine a scenario where a leader gathers key personnel and top planners to draft an operational plan for the upcoming year. These individuals share a common environment, similar training, and mutual experiences within a hierarchical structure. As they convene, the process appears seamless: decisions align with what they believe the leader wants, what senior personnel suggest, and what everyone collectively “knows” about the organization and its operational landscape. The plan is drafted, approved, and implemented. Yet, it fails.