In this episode of the Vienna Coffee House Conversations podcast, host Ivan Vejvoda engages in an insightful discussion with Sławomir Sierakowski, a Polish sociologist, literary critic, journalist, and public intellectual. Sierakowski, who heads Kritika Polityczna and serves as a senior fellow at the German Council on Foreign Relations, shares his perspectives on the state of democracy in Europe, Poland's political landscape, and the broader global context, including the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian War and the geopolitical shifts in Asia. The episode begins with Ivan welcoming Słavwomir, acknowledging his distinguished career and ongoing contributions to European intellectual and political discourse. The conversation opens with a discussion on the current political moment in Europe, focusing on recent elections in France and Poland. Sławomir reflects on the mixed results of these elections, particularly noting the positive outcome in Poland, where authoritarianism was successfully challenged in the recent parliamentary elections. He emphasizes that Poland is rejoining democratic Europe, aligning itself with countries that uphold the rule of law and democratic norms. However, he cautions that challenges remain, particularly with authoritarian trends in countries like Hungary. Key Points of Discussion: The State of Democracy in Europe: Question: Ivan asks Sławomir about the current political situation in Europe, with a focus on elections and the rising tensions between liberal democracy and authoritarianism. Answer: Sławomir expresses a nuanced view, acknowledging positive developments, such as Poland's electoral defeat of authoritarian forces, but also highlighting ongoing concerns about Hungary and other regions. He notes that while populism has not caused a major revolution, it remains a significant challenge in the fight for democracy in Europe. China's Geopolitical Position: Question: Shifting the focus to Asia, Ivan asks Sławomir to elaborate on his observations regarding China, particularly Xi Jinping's leadership and its implications for global politics. Answer: Sławomir outlines two major shifts under Xi Jinping: China’s increasingly aggressive foreign policy and its move toward state-organized protectionism. He contrasts this with previous Chinese leaders who adhered to a more cautious approach. He also highlights internal challenges in China, such as economic issues, and stresses that China's position is more vulnerable than it appears, especially in its relations with neighboring countries like Japan and Taiwan. Taiwan and the Asia-Pacific: Question: Ivan inquires about Sławomir's recent trip to Taiwan and asks for his impressions regarding Taiwan's outlook amidst tensions with China. Answer: Sławomir describes the complex political dynamics in Taiwan, where the pro-China Kuomintang party holds significant influence. However, he points out that the majority of Taiwanese citizens are opposed to unification with China, especially after the events in Hong Kong. He emphasizes Taiwan’s strategic importance due to its dominance in semiconductor manufacturing and its growing defense capabilities. Europe’s Role in Global Geopolitics: Question: Ivan brings the discussion back to Europe, asking what Europe should be doing in this evolving global context. Answer: Sławomir argues that Europe needs to adopt a tougher stance, both internally and externally. He criticizes the EU for its history of slow decision-making and compromise, urging it to take bolder steps, especially in supporting Ukraine militarily and financially. He sees Poland under Donald Tusk as a potential leader in driving this change, highlighting Tusk’s experience and commitment to European integration. The De-Authoritarianization of Poland: Question: Ivan asks how the process of dismantling authoritarian structures in Poland is progressing fol