Transcript: For tens of thousands of years humans have used the sky, the daytime sky and the night sky, as a map, a clock, and a calendar.  The first astronomy thus is directly tied into human culture, into the needs for hunter gatherers to move around, follow the migrating herds, garnish food sources, and protect themselves from the extremes of climate.  The first astronomers were not scientists in the modern sense of the word; they used careful observations made systematically, in cases over many years and decades, to understand the patterns of the night sky and of the seasons.  They were in tune with the motions of the objects in the night sky and the motions of the sun and the moon.  They derived fairly accurate calendars.   They made monuments out of stones that can still be found in many parts of Europe to make calendars and to predict the seasons. These first uses of astronomy do not conform to the modern rules of science because these people were not interested in scientific explanations for what they saw.  They used the sky as part of their mythic and religious culture, and that of course gave it much of its importance.