The Armenian revolutionary parties all have a history, and that history is called the radical Russian underground. Out of People's Will came the Armenian Dashnaks. Out the Marxist Emancipation of Labor Group came the Armenian Hunchaks. Season 2: The Young Turks - Revolutions of the Ottoman Collapse, pt. 2 For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

The Kurds launch a revolt, the Armenians form their first political party in history, and Sultan Abdulhamid overreacts (as usual) and forms his very own Cossack-style cavalry. Season 2: The Young Turks - Revolutions of the Ottoman Collapse, pt. 2 For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

The history of the Armenians, the Kurds, and the Turks in Eastern Anatolia... it's complicated. Season 2: The Young Turks - Revolutions of the Ottoman Collapse, pt. 2 For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

In 1885, the Bulgarians went ahead and annexed Eastern Rumelia... without asking anyone. Prince Milan of Serbia would have nothing of it, declaring war shortly thereafter. The ensuing conflict would begin a dangerous cycle in the Balkans. Season 2: The Young Turks - Revolutions of the Ottoman Collapse, pt. 2 For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

The Bulgarians are back, and they're gunning for Macedonia. Season 2: The Young Turks - Revolutions of the Ottoman Collapse, pt. 2 For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

Taking advantage of Ottoman weakness, the British and the French would snatch away North Africa following the Congress of Berlin. But in Egypt, Ahmad Urabi will have something to say about all of this as he ignites the first sparks of Egyptian nationalism. Season 2: The Young Turks - Revolutions of the Ottoman Collapse, pt. 2 For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

"The Red Sultan," "the Bloody Sultan," "the Monster of Yildiz," "Abdul the Damned," "Scourge of God," "Degenerate Tyrant," "Wolf Guarding the Sheepfold"... the guy clearly had a lot of enemies. Season 2: The Young Turks - Revolutions of the Ottoman Collapse, pt. 2 For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

As we begin our season on the Young Turks, we look at Season 1 and ask: were the Ottomans really that sick? Season 2: The Young Turks - Revolutions of the Ottoman Collapse, pt. 2 For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

With the help of Bulgarians, Serbs, Romanians, Montenegrins, and Greeks, the Russian imperial army would sweep through Ottoman Bulgaria, liberating town after town. But once the Russians reached the gates of Constantinople, the Great Powers (predictably) began to get a wee bit nervous. For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

Things weren't so looking great for the Ottomans in the summer of 1876. We've got widespread revolts, bankruptcy, public outrage across Europe, diplomatic isolation, two coups within a month, and Russia & Serbia both preparing for war. But you know, at least they got a new constitution out of it! For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

In the aftermath of the April Uprising, the bashi bazouks committed terrible crimes against humanity. As news of the Batak Massacre filtered back into the western presses, public outcry would spread all throughout Europe. Prominent figures such as Charles Darwin, Victor Hugo, Oscar Wilde, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Giuseppe Garibaldi will publicly support Bulgarian Liberation and call on their governments to intervene. For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website:...

In April of 1876, the Bulgarians rose up, and the Ottomans clamped down. For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

Vasil Levski, the "apostle" of Bulgarian Liberation, spread his revolutionary gospel throughout Ottoman Bulgaria as he brought the movement out of the emigre circles of Romania. Levski would then join forces with Hristo Botev and Lyeben Karavelov to found the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee, laying the ground work for the April Uprising of 1876. For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon:...

Who's got the better mustache: Georgi Rakovski or Panyot Hitov? For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

"Oh Ottomans, what are we going to do with you?" - The Great Powers "Just give us a chance, we promise we can change!" - The Ottomans For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

...and the Great Powers. Throughout the Egyptian-Ottoman Wars, the great Pasha, Muhammed Ali, would score one victory after another against the now truly floundering Sultan Mahmud II. But, as usual, the Great Powers are gonna have something to say about all of this. For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

Within just a few years, Muhammed Ali went from being a run-of-the-mill tobacco farmer to being the "Founder of Modern Egypt." After this dramatic rise, Muhammed Ali will rebel against the Sultan and bring the Ottoman Empire to its knees. For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

In the spring of 1827, the Greeks were getting trounced by the Ottomans... By the fall of 1827, the Ottoman-Egyptian navy was in the bottom of the ocean and the Greeks were on the verge of officially gaining their independence. So... what the heck happened? Well, the Great Powers happened! For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

Things are beginning to look bleak for the Greeks as the might of the Egyptian army turns the war in favor of the Ottomans. But then, stories of the heroic sacrifices of the townspeople of Missolonghi begin to spread throughout Europe, making Great Power intervention all but inevitable. For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

As Romanticism becomes ever more popular in 1820's Europe, Greek culture emerges as a fad. Philhellenism, aka "love of Greek culture," would gain adherents amongst some of the biggest names of the day like Jeremy Bentham, Percy Shelly, Delacroix, and Rossini. But the most famous Philhellene of them all, Lord Byron, would fully take the plunge, arriving in Greece in 1824. For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon:...

Alexandros Mavrokordatos was one smart cookie who somehow managed to get a bunch of rivalrous warlords, aristocrats, and highway robbers to put aside their differences and sign on to his constitution, forming modern Greece's first national administration. For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions Make a One Time Donation: PayPal

So... how did a ragtag group of Greek revolutionaries manage take nearly the entire Peloponnese from the mighty Ottomans in just a week? Check it out, to find out! For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions

Wherein the Phanariot Greeks form a secret "society of friends" and then launch the Greek Revolution by crossing the River Pruth. And Alexandros Ypsilantis is like: "Guys, the Russians are coming to help us... I promise?" For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions

The Serbs: our very first revolution in this podcast about revolutions! (and yeah, I know... it's a 19th century revolution) For helpful maps, photos, and other media, check out the website: 20thcenturyrevolutions.com Patreon: patreon.com/20thCenturyRevolutions