Transcript: Scientists tend to think in traditional and anthropocentric ways about the possibilities of life in the universe. The Drake equation is a deductive framework, the multiplication sequentially of several probabilities. It works in terms of the possibility of Sun-like stars and Earth-like planets around those stars, under a premise of carbon chemistry, and a strong assumption that intelligence and technology are related to communication through space, but we should think inductively about life in the universe. We may not have the answers to the questions raised in an inductive framework, but they are probably more revealing about the possibilities of life elsewhere in the universe. In terms of sites for life, we should consider the full range of sites, illuminated by extremophiles on Earth, the possibility of life around stars that are quite different from the Sun, or perhaps even in gaseous environments in the universe. In terms of the nature of life, we should consider the possibility of non-carbon based biochemical life and even of artificial life, of the fact that intelligence might exist without technology, and of the heavy role of contingency in evolution and natural selection. In terms of communication, we should consider the possibility of non-electromagnetic communication and the role that culture plays in the attempt at communication. And finally, we should consider what might happen with large advances in life and a long span in the possibility of interstellar networks and robots.