In this episode of the Female Athlete Nutrition, I have the honor of interviewing a true legend, world renowned exercise physiologist and nutrition scientist, Dr. Stacy Sims. Dr. Sims is a true pioneer in this field, who aims to revolutionize exercise nutrition and performance for women. We talk about the lack of research in female athletes, before diving deep into differences in female and male physiology beyond hormones, including the heightened risk of low energy availability and related bone stress injuries in women. As Dr. Sims espouses, “women are not small men” and performance differences are the result of far more than just testosterone and other hormones. We touch on transgender athlete inclusion from a physiological perspective and the need for more sports science research. Dr. Sims and I discuss popular topics like: creatine for women; nutrition and training considerations for young athletes; navigating puberty; and more. Dr. Sims answers some of your questions, as well as our usual end of the podcast questions! Topics include: the importance of lifting heavy for female athletes; sprint and high intensity training; exercise after RED-S recovery; caffeine and the menstrual cycle; and understanding low heart rates in athletes. In this episode we talk about: 5:15 Questioning current training and nutrition norms  8:30 Research in women athletes 14:00 Sex differences beyond hormones: body composition, metabolism, injuries  17:50 Creatine for female athletes 23:10 Youth and adolescent athlete considerations 26:35 Low energy availability, kisspeptin and the brain 33:10 Women are not small men; transgender athletes in sports 42:40 Demystifying puberty, hormones, and periods for girls and women 46:40 The importance of strength and power training  49:30 RED-S recovery and high intensity training 53:15 Caffeine and the menstrual cycle 55:40 Low heart rates in athletes: fitness vs low energy availability  58:00 End of the podcast questions For more on Dr. Stacy Sims, check out her website https://www.drstacysims.com/  Follow Dr. Sims on Instagram @drstacysims and me, your host Lindsy Cortes, on Instagram @female.athlete.nutrition  For supplement suggestions & discounts from Lindsey Cortes please use the link below: https://p.bttr.to/2ZUQA1Q You may also email [email protected] for more information! Further, all of Lindsey discount codes for a variety of recommended products for female athletes can be found here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PhSl95CJqjm7nwQb92_BG-cPBklOZhsC/view   Don't forget to sign up for our email list to stay up to date! https://riseupnutrition.activehosted.com/f/6  THANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS: Previnex: https://www.previnex.com/ use code RISEUP for 15% off at checkout InsideTracker: www.insidetracker.com/riseup for 20% off the entire store for a limited time only! THIS PODCAST IS ALSO SUPPORTED BY: Orgain, head to www.orgain.com and use the code RISEUP30 for 30% off your first order. Repeat customers can use the code OA2203 for 25% off future orders. Practice Better Click the link below to view plans and get a 14-day free trial. Then use the code RISEUP20 for 20% off your first 4 months: https://practicebetter.grsm.io/runp  Jen & Keri: https://jenandkeri.com/ use code RISEUP10 for $10 off your order