In this episode of the Grazing Game Podcast, Cam interviews Dr. Judi Earl, a pasture ecologist, discussing the significance of understanding annual and perennial plants, and their implications for soil health. Judi emphasizes the importance of biodiversity in pasture management and shares insights from her own farm in New South Wales, including infrastructure improvements and grazing management strategies. The conversation highlights the balance between livestock nutrition, ecological regeneration, and economic viability in farming practices. Takeaways Dr. Judy Earl's journey into pastoral ecology began with her interest in animal nutrition. Perennial grasses can theoretically live indefinitely, while annuals complete their life cycle within a year. Soil health is significantly influenced by the presence of living plant roots. Diversity in pastures enhances soil structure and biological activity. Judy promotes a pasture composition of 60-70% perennial grasses, 15-20% legumes, and 10-15% forbs. Supplementation may be necessary for livestock to graze on less palatable grasses. Grazing management should focus on encouraging desirable plant species. Infrastructure improvements, such as water management, are crucial for effective grazing. Grazing decisions should be based on the herbage mass present in the pasture. The ultimate goal is to use cattle to regenerate the landscape while maintaining economic viability. Judi's Website and Contact Details - https://aimsag.com.au/