In Pakistan, polio cases are rising ahead of a new vaccination campaign. Violence targeting health workers has also hurt years of efforts toward making the country polio-free.  在巴基斯坦，在新的疫苗接种活动之前，脊髓灰质炎病例正在上升。针对卫生工作者的暴力行为也损害了该国多年来为消除脊髓灰质炎所做的努力。  The World Health Organization says polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. The disease largely affects children under age five. The virus is transmitted from person to person and spread mainly through contact. It invades the nervous system and causes a person to be unable to move arms, legs or muscles, a condition called paralysis. Among those paralyzed, up to 10 percent die when their breathing muscles become immobilized.  世界卫生组织表示，脊髓灰质炎是一种由病毒引起的高度传染性疾病。这种疾病主要影响五岁以下的儿童。该病毒在人与人之间传播，主要通过接触传播。它侵入神经系统，导致人无法移动手臂、腿或肌肉，这种情况称为瘫痪。在瘫痪者中，高达 10% 的人因呼吸肌肉无法活动而死亡。  Since January, health officials have confirmed 39 new polio cases in Pakistan, compared to only six last year, said Anwarul Haq. He is with the National Emergency Operation Center for Polio Eradication. Eradication means getting rid of something completely.  安瓦尔·哈克 (Anwarul Haq) 表示，自 1 月份以来，卫生官员已确认巴基斯坦新增 39 例脊髓灰质炎病例，而去年仅为 6 例。他在国家根除脊髓灰质炎紧急行动中心工作。根除意味着彻底消除某物。 The new nationwide campaign starts on October 28. The campaign aims to vaccinate at least 32 million children.  新的全国性运动将于 10 月 28 日开始。该运动旨在为至少 3200 万儿童接种疫苗。  “The whole purpose of these campaigns is to achieve the target of making Pakistan a polio-free state,” Haq said.  哈克说：“这些活动的全部目的是实现让巴基斯坦成为无脊髓灰质炎国家的目标。”  Pakistan regularly launches campaigns against polio despite attacks on the workers and police assigned to protect them.  尽管负责保护他们的工人和警察遭到袭击，巴基斯坦仍定期开展针对脊髓灰质炎的运动。  Militants falsely claim that the vaccination campaigns are a Western attempt to sterilize children. To sterilize means to make someone unable to produce children.  武装分子错误地声称疫苗接种运动是西方对儿童进行绝育的尝试。绝育意味着使某人无法生育孩子。  Most of the new polio cases were reported in the southwestern Balochistan and southern Sindh provinces. The next two areas with the most cases are Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and eastern Punjab.  大多数新增脊髓灰质炎病例发生在俾路支省西南部和信德省南部。接下来的两个病例最多的地区是开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省和旁遮普省东部。  The locations worry officials since previous cases were from the northwest areas bordering Afghanistan. In September, this is where the Taliban government suddenly stopped a house-to-house vaccination campaign.  这些地点令官员们感到担忧，因为之前的病例都来自与阿富汗接壤的西北地区。9月，塔利班政府在这里突然停止了挨家挨户的疫苗接种活动。 Afghanistan and Pakistan are the two countries in which the spread of the possibly deadly, paralyzing disease has never been eradicated. Officials in Pakistan have said that the Taliban’s decision will have major effects beyond the Afghan border. People from both sides frequently travel to each other’s country.  阿富汗和巴基斯坦是可能致命的瘫痪疾病的传播从未被根除的两个国家。巴基斯坦官员表示，塔利班的决定将对阿富汗边境以外地区产生重大影响。双