In the Japanese village of Kamimomi, a small group of farmers began gathering their rice in extreme heat, two weeks earlier than usual.  在日本的上莫米村，一小群农民开始在酷暑中收割稻谷，比平时提前了两周。  Kamimomi is in Japan’s western Okayama prefecture. The area is called "the Land of Sunshine" because of its good weather. But farmers working in the mountainside rice fields say climate change is hurting the harvest of rice.  上莫米位于日本西部的冈山县。该地区气候宜人，被称为“阳光之国”。但在山腰稻田劳作的农民表示，气候变化正在损害水稻的收成。  Joji Terasaka farms in Okayama. He said last year a hot period dried up the rice. He added, "I am worried about that this year because it will be just as hot."  冈山寺坂丈二农场。他说去年炎热的天气使稻米干涸。他补充道：“我很担心今年，因为今年也会一样热。”  This year Japan had its hottest July on record. The Japan weather agency said temperatures were 2.16 degrees Celsius higher than average. Worldwide, there has been a 1.2-degree Celsius rise in average temperature since 1850.  今年日本经历了有记录以来最热的七月。日本气象厅表示，气温比平均水平高出 2.16 摄氏度。自 1850 年以来，全球平均气温上升了 1.2 摄氏度。  Scientists agreed that warming needs to be limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius to prevent the worst effects of climate change.  科学家们一致认为，升温需要限制在 1.5 摄氏度以内，以防止气候变化造成最严重的影响。 Last year, Japan had a poor rice harvest nationwide because of unusually hot weather.  去年，由于天气异常炎热，日本全国稻谷歉收。  Officials say the drop in harvest in Japan was partly responsible for a shortage of rice this summer. The low supply of rice in markets forced sellers to limit each buyer to one rice bag.  官员们表示，日本收成下降是今年夏季大米短缺的部分原因。市场上大米供应不足，迫使卖家限制每个买家只能购买一袋大米。 Yuji Masutomi is a researcher at the National Institute for Environmental Studies in Tsukuba, north of Tokyo. He said, "Perhaps people think that an increase of one degree Celsius in average temperature isn't much. But it's quite a big change for plants and crops."  Yuji Masutomi 是东京北部筑波国立环境研究所的研究员。他说：“也许人们认为平均气温升高一摄氏度并不算多，但对于植物和农作物来说却是一个很大的变化。”  Masutomi said the rising temperatures also hurt the quality of the grain. Last year, the farming ministry noted that at least one-fifth of rice farms have reported a drop in quality from rising temperatures. "Not only is the appearance not good; people say the taste drops too," Masutomi said.  Masutomi说，气温上升也损害了谷物的质量。去年，农业部指出，至少五分之一的稻田报告称，由于气温升高，稻米品质下降。“不仅外观不好，人们都说味道也下降了，”增富说。  Another problem the farmers in Kamimomi face is working under high heat. The average age of agricultural workers in Japan is nearly 69, among the oldest in the world. Older people are especially likely to suffer from the heat. For half of the year, farmers work in the heat to produce rice.  上莫米农民面临的另一个问题是在高温下工作。日本农业工人的平均年龄接近69岁，是世界上最长寿的国家之一。老年人尤其容易受到高温的影响。半年的时间里，农民们冒着酷暑辛苦生产水稻。  To deal with climate change, the government is urging the use of heat-resistant varieties of rice. One strain, developed by a research center near Tokyo, is called Sai no Kizuna.  为了应对气候变化，政府正在敦促使用耐热稻米品种。其中一种菌株是由东京附