I am thrilled to have the opportunity to connect with Dr. Tim Spector today. He is a professor of genetic epidemiology at King's College, the director of the Twins UK study, a scientific cofounder at Zoe, and a leading researcher. He is also trained in rheumatology and epidemiology and is the author of Food for Life, his most recent book on nutrition and health. In our conversation today, we unpack the new science on the role of the microbiome, the benefits of diverse food choices, and why Dr. Spector does not support superfoods. We dive into plant-material diversity, fiber, polyphenol-rich foods, fermented foods, and protein, and explore and explore issues surrounding bio-individuality specific to fiber, the impact of antibiotics, the Predict study, the Zoe program, and research on menopausal gut microbiomes. Dr. Spector explains why he does not believe in snacking, the value of digestive rest and intermittent fasting, and why lifestyle is a critical factor in menopause and beyond. We also get into some fascinating upcoming research. I know you will love this insightful discussion with Dr. Spector. IN THIS EPISODE YOU WILL LEARN: What defines a healthy gut microbiome? Dr. Spector explains the concept of the microbiome as a virtual organ Why dietary diversity is essential How fermented foods and plant-based proteins improve gut health Some interesting research on research on how menopause affects the gut microbiome Dr. Spector describes the holistic approach of the ZOE program Why most snacks are unhealthy, and how extending the time between meals can improve gut health Using intermittent fasting to rest the gut and improve overall health How a poor night of sleep can alter food choices the following day The interplay between exercise and gut health Dr. Spector shares some ongoing research on the impact of coffee on the gut microbiome Connect with Cynthia Thurlow   Follow on Twitter Instagram LinkedIn Check out Cynthia’s website Submit your questions to [email protected] Connect with Dr. Tim Spector On Zoe Instagram ZOE Science & Nutrition podcast