Today, I have the honor of connecting with Dr. Robynne Chutkan, one of the most recognizable gastroenterologists in the United States. She is also the author of Anti-Viral Gut, one of the books I enjoyed reading most in 2022! Knowledge of the microbiome dates back to the 1600s when Anthony van Leeuwenhoek observed bacteria in his dental plaque through a microscope. However, it has taken us several centuries to understand the interdependence and beneficial nature of those bacteria. The terms "microbiome" and "microbiota" are often used interchangeably. They refer to the organisms and genes that live in and on our bodies, predominantly in the GI tract. Those organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, parasites, and archaea, which, despite their microscopic size, collectively weigh around four to five pounds.  Today, Dr. Chutkan and I dive deep into the physiology of the microbiome and discuss how that interplays with immunology. We discuss the benefits of hydrochloric acid, the impact of proton pump inhibitors and other medications on the health of the gut microbiome, and the role of dysbiosis and the Estrobolome. We get into how the pharmaceutical industry has influenced both medical practice and the outlook of healthcare providers, and we talk about the impact of sleep, exercise, stress, and alcohol on the gut. Dr. Chutkan also shares top tips from her anti-viral diet book on the best ways to support the gut. (One of her tips is to consume 30 plant types per week for a healthier gut microbiome.)  This show has been one of my favorite podcasts I have recorded in the last year. I hope you enjoy listening to it! IN THIS EPISODE YOU WILL LEARN: What is the microbiome, and why is it important? Why do we need to understand the interrelationship between the oral microbiome, the gut microbiome, and the vaginal microbiome? The importance of stomach acid. How do proton pump inhibitors affect gut health? The three big things that interfere with digestion. How pharmaceutical companies have taken over medical education. The role of statins in women. The importance of the Estrobolome test. The three different types of estrogens in the body. Why exercise is an important contributor to gut health. The net impact of low-quality sleep on immune function. Dr. Chutkan shares her top tips for a healthy gut microbiome. Connect with Cynthia Thurlow Follow on Twitter Instagram LinkedIn Check out Cynthia’s website Connect with Dr. Robynne Chutkan  On her website  On Instagram (@gutbliss) Books by Dr. Robynne Chutkan: The Anti-Viral Gut: Tackling Pathogens from the Inside Out Gutbliss: A 10-Day Plan to Ban Bloat, Flush Toxins, and Dump Your Digestive Baggage The Bloat Cure: 101 Natural Solutions for Real and Lasting Relief The Microbiome Solution: A Radical New Way to Heal Your Body from the Inside Out Book mentioned: Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams by Matthew Walker