A recently-released IOM report, titled 'If we leave, we are killed' examines what became of the United Nations protection of civilian (PoC) sites that appeared when South Sudanese civilians fleeing the outbreak of war in 2013 overran UN bases across the country. Richard Stupart talks to the author of the report, Michael Arendsen, about the precedent that PoC sites set, and the tensions that arose between the humanitarian and peacekeeping communities in managing them.