Welcome to Ask Stago, The Podcast dedicated to provide expert answers to your expert questions in coagulation.   In today’s episode, our guest Dr Bryan G Fry, aka Venom Doc, will make us enter his world and understand how venom interact with coagulation and how they can prove useful for assay or drug design & development     Literature sources: Fry BG, Roelants K, Champagne DE, Scheib H, Tyndall JD, King GF, Nevalainen TJ, Norman JA, Lewis RJ, Norton RS, Renjifo C, de la Vega RC. The toxinogenomic multiverse: convergent recruitment of proteins into animal venoms. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2009, 10: 483-511. Bittenbinder, M. A., C. N. Zdenek, B. Op den Brouw, N. J. Youngman, J. S. Dobson, A. Naude, F. J. Vonk and B. G. Fry (2018). "Coagulotoxic Cobras: Clinical Implications of Strong Anticoagulant Actions of African Spitting Naja Venoms That Are Not Neutralised by Antivenom but Are by LY315920 (Varespladib)." Toxins (Basel) 10(12): 516. Chowdhury, A., M. R. Lewin, C. N. Zdenek, R. Carter and B. G. Fry (2021a). "The Relative Efficacy of Chemically Diverse Small-Molecule Enzyme-Inhibitors Against Anticoagulant Activities of African Spitting Cobra (Naja Species) Venoms." Front Immunol 12: 752442. Seneci, L., C. N. Zdenek, A. Chowdhury, C. F. B. Rodrigues, E. Neri-Castro, M. Benard-Valle, A. Alagon and B. G. Fry (2021). "A Clot Twist: Extreme Variation in Coagulotoxicity Mechanisms in Mexican Neotropical Rattlesnake Venoms." Front Immunol 12: 612846. Chowdhury, A., C. N. Zdenek, J. S. Dobson, L. A. Bourke, R. Soria and B. G. Fry (2021b). "Clinical implications of differential procoagulant toxicity of the palearctic viperid genus Macrovipera, and the relative neutralization efficacy of antivenoms and enzyme inhibitors." Toxicol Lett 340: 77-88. Chowdhury, A., C. N. Zdenek, M. R. Lewin, R. Carter, T. Jagar, E. Ostanek, H. Harjen, M. Aldridge, R. Soria, G. Haw and B. G. Fry (2021). "Venom-Induced Blood Disturbances by Palearctic Viperid Snakes, and Their Relative Neutralization by Antivenoms and Enzyme-Inhibitors." Frontiers in Immunology 12: 2251. Zdenek, C. N., B. O. den Brouw, D. Dashevsky, A. Gloria, N. Youngman, E. Watson, P. Green, C. Hay, N. Dunstan, L. Allen and B. G. Fry (2019a). "Clinical implications of convergent procoagulant toxicity and differential antivenom efficacy in Australian elapid snake venoms." Toxicol Lett 316: 171-182. Zdenek, C. N., C. Hay, K. Arbuckle, T. N. W. Jackson, M. H. A. Bos, B. Op den Brouw, J. Debono, L. Allen, N. Dunstan, T. Morley, M. Herrera, J. M. Gutierrez, D. J. Williams and B. G. Fry (2019b). "Coagulotoxic effects by brown snake (Pseudonaja) and taipan (Oxyuranus) venoms, and the efficacy of a new antivenom." Toxicol In Vitro 58: 97-109. Sousa, L. F., C. A. Nicolau, P. S. Peixoto, J. L. Bernardoni, S. S. Oliveira, J. A. Portes-Junior, R. H. Mourao, I. Lima-dos-Santos, I. S. Sano-Martins, H. M. Chalkidis, R. H. Valente and A. M. Moura-da-Silva (2013). "Comparison of phylogeny, venom composition and neutralization by antivenom in diverse species of bothrops complex." PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(9): e2442. Rogalski, A., C. Soerensen, B. Op den Brouw, C. Lister, D. Dashevsky, K. Arbuckle, A. Gloria, C. N. Zdenek, N. R. Casewell, J. M. Gutierrez, W. Wuster, S. A. Ali, P. Masci, P. Rowley, N. Frank and B. G. Fry (2017). "Differential procoagulant effects of saw-scaled viper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Echis) snake venoms on human plasma and the narrow taxonomic ranges of antivenom efficacies." Toxicol Lett 280: 159-170. Youngman, N. J., J. Llinas and B. G. Fry (2021). "Evidence for Resistance to Coagulotoxic Effects of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms by Sympatric Prey (Blue Tongue Skinks) but Not by Predators (Monitor Lizards)." Toxins (Basel) 13(9).   Content is scientific and technical in nature. It is intended as an educational tool for laboratory professionals and topics discussed are not intended as recommendations or as commentary on appropriate clinical practice.