This episode of BackTable OBGYN features an extensive discussion with Dr. Keith Isaacson, a specialist in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, regarding the complexities of diagnosing and treating adenomyosis, emphasizing surgery, medical treatments, and research in the field. Dr. Isaacson describes the pivots in the field’s understanding of adenomyosis and endometriosis, including the impact of these conditions on fertility and potential treatment pathways. Adenomyosis has been redefined in the past five years as a disease that affects women of all reproductive ages and causes dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual bleeding, and infertility. Because the disease is found in the myometrium of the uterus, it has historically been difficult to diagnose unless through pathology following hysterectomy; however, imaging has since improved and there are now criteria seen on ultrasound that are consistent with adenomyosis. Dr. Isaacson then discusses the differences and misconceptions about adenomyosis compared to endometriosis. Additionally, the episode touches on the evolution of treatment strategies over the years, including medical therapy versus surgery. Furthermore, Dr. Isaacson highlights the crucial role of research in uncovering disease pathophysiology and new therapeutic approaches. --- SHOW NOTES 00:00 - Introduction 04:06 - Definitions, Symptoms, and Insights 11:33 - Exploring Treatment Options for Adenomyosis and Infertility 21:30 - The Intersection of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis 30:09 - Imaging, Surgery, and Pathology 36:31 - The Future of Research and Patient-Centric Care --- RESOURCES Moawad G, Fruscalzo A, Youssef Y, Kheil M, Tawil T, Nehme J, Pirtea P, Guani B, Afaneh H, Ayoubi JM, Feki A. Adenomyosis: An Updated Review on Diagnosis and Classification. J Clin Med. 2023 Jul 21;12(14):4828. doi: 10.3390/jcm12144828. PMID: 37510943; PMCID: PMC10381628.