In this episode Rachel Wolcott, senior editor, welcomes special guest Justine Walker to the podcast. Justine is the Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists' (ACAMS) global head–sanctions, compliance, and risk and its vice-president for thought leadership. She is an expert on sanctions, counterterrorism, and financial crime she has held specialist positions within the UK's Financial Conduct Authority, HM Treasury, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and UK Finance. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 ushered in a new set of unprecedented sanctions, including the imposition of a novel oil price cap, meant to stop Russia selling oil above $60 a barrel. But Russia seems to be able to get everything it needs to keep the war going. Justine expects enforcement action to unfold as the year progresses. "We're entering into a much more aggressive phase regarding the price cap, we've got new price capacitation requirements, we've had a flurry of new guidance. We're probably going to see this play out in terms of more enforcement, and I think this year is going to be pretty informative in terms of how the oil price cap will end up being in terms of a longer-term tool," Justine told Compliance Clarified. Justine emphasized the importance of Executive Order 14114, signed last year by President Biden, which ratchets up secondary sanction risk for non-U.S. financial institutions which give direct support to Russia's military-industrial base but also for indirect assistance, such as facilitating customers' dealings or providing services to customer transactions related to Russia's military-industrial base. Justine explained the convergence of export controls with anti-money laundering (AML) and sanctions compliance. She emphasized the need for financial institutions to be proactive in identifying sensitive technologies and strategic trade, which are increasingly becoming a focus for the Group of Seven governments. "One of the big challenges is this merger between export control requirements, AML and sanctions. There's been more of a nexus between AML and sanctions, but the nexus with export controls has not been there to what we're now seeing is being asked. We're seeing much greater expectations from governments, that financial institutions will become more proactive in their thinking around their role in sensitive technology, strategic trade, export control, and that is a whole area of speciality in itself" Justine said. Links: ACAMS's Global Threat Report: https://www.acamstoday.org/global-afc-threats-report/ INSIGHT: Latest U.S. warnings to foreign banks doing significant Russia business may herald sanctions enforcement action Inside Paywall: http://go-ri.tr.com/3ZIw6B Outside Paywall: https://regintel-content.thomsonreuters.com/document/I899083B0DCA811EE925AD4411E508A2D/INSIGHT:-Latest-U.S.-warnings-to-foreign-banks-doing-significant-Russia-business-may-herald-sanctions-enforcement-action-07-03-2024 U.S. targets Russian "malign activities" linked to Wagner Group in Central African Republic: https://regintel-content.thomsonreuters.com/document/I87D16B80DD8D11EE985CDDFFB3F5522A/U.S.-targets-Russian-'malign-activities'-linked-to-Wagner-Group-in-Central-African-Republic-11-03-2024 EU sanctions: new rules to crack down on violations | News | European Parliament: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19002/eu-sanctions-new-rules-to-crack-down-on-violations Previous episodes: Season 10, Episode 5: How Mekong region organized crime built a global cryptocurrency money laundering network: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/season-10-episode-5-how-mekong-region-organized-crime/id1548510826?i=1000646371712 Season 9, Episode 8: Hamas, terrorist financing and the U.S. response to the 7 October attack: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/season-9-episode-8-hamas-terrorist-financing-and-the-u/id1548510826?i=1000635015943 Series 9, Episode 3: North Korea, Russia, crypto and changing