In this episode, Xavier Bonilla has a dialogue with Rory Cox about the multiple origins of the just war concept. They give an overview of the Egyptian empire, nile river and its importance for the Egyptian kingdom, and the three major kingdom periods with a central monarchy. They also talk about the Hittites, boundaries of their kingdom, and why they were so short lived. They discuss the Israelites, problems with the Hebrew Bible as a primary source, and the legacy of the Israelites. They also define just war, ius ad bellum, ius ad bello, ius post bellum, and describe what war looked like in the ancient Near East. They talk about authority and divine appointment for going to war with these three kingdoms, self-defense, military ethics, culture and identity, treatment of combatants and non-combatants, importance of Deuteronomy 20 for the Israelites, violence and genocide, just war theory up to the modern era, and many more topics. Rory Cox is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of St. Andrews. He has held two international research fellowships: a Wallenberg Research Fellowship at the Stockholm Centre for the Ethics of War and Peace (University of Stockholm) in 2016; and a Humanities Collaboration Research Fellowship at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the Huntington Library, Los Angeles, in 2017-18. He has his Bachelors in Ancient History and a Masters in Medieval Studies from University College London. He has a DPhil in history from the University of Oxford. His main focus areas are on the ethics of war, history of violence, and intellectual history. He is the author of the book, Origins of the Just War: Military Ethics and Culture in the Ancient Near East. Twitter: @drrorycox Get full access to Converging Dialogues at convergingdialogues.substack.com/subscribe