Opiate alkaloids like morphine and codeine are traditionally made from the opium poppy plant, which faces various challenges like pests and climate issues in its cultivation. Janos Bindics is looking into using poppy plant cells themselves to make opiates. These cells naturally have all the genetic information needed to produce morphine and other opiates. In this episode we talk about the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the challenges and the longterm impact of Janos' research.