Richard Ennals is Professor of Corporate Responsibility and Working Life at Kingston Business School, Kingston University, London, UK. He was an English scholar at Cambridge, where he studied philosophy and history. He taught history in the UK and Nigeria, then was an artificial intelligence researcher at Imperial College London. He managed advanced IT research at Imperial and for national government programmes, resigning his government posts in 1985 when the UK government agreed to participate in the American Strategic Defense Initiative, threatening the future of the research he was managing. Since 1990 he has been a Professor at Kingston Business School, and a visiting professor in Sweden, Norway and Lithuania. He is co-editor of the International Journal of Action Research, and review editor of AI and Society: Knowledge, Culture and Communication.