In our previous advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) episode Jérôme Larghero, Director of the Department of Biotherapies and the MEARY Center for Cell and Gene Therapy in the Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, and Julien Textoris, Vice President of Global Medical Affairs, Immunoassays and host response at bioMérieux, discussed the importance of collaboration in developing cell and gene therapies and the processes and quality controls that support their manufacture. In this final episode they join us once again to explain what makes these challenges worth overcoming and the key areas of development expected to shape the future of these critical treatments.