"We have to continue the investment in TB control and in TB research if we want to get rid of this long-standing foe of humanity" Guest Editors Alberto García-Basteiro and Füsun Öner Eyüboglu join Dorina Esendagli (the ERS Monograph's Early Career Representative) to discuss their Monograph: The Challenge of Tuberculosis in the 21st Century. In an in-depth conversation, they cover: key and updated areas in the book; the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB global care; subclinical and latent TB infection; and new recommendations regarding treatment duration. Both Alberto and Füsun clearly demonstrate how, with continued investment and ongoing research, TB control can succeed.