The first major judgement concerning judicial appointments, known as the First Judges case is pronounced. The judgement says that the executive has an upper hand in making appointments. This question is reopened a few years later, in what becomes known as the Second Judges case. A new system is born, in which judges appoint judges. They have the upper hand in making appointments. It is called the “collegium” system and only requires a formal nod from the government. This system has its own flaws. Several governments try to reform this system in the years to come.  Reference A list of archival resources used to research this episode can be found here.  News clip of Indira Gandhi’s campaign trail- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xq6cBB6wu8  Justice V Ramaswamy Impeachment case-  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyzAV6AD9w0  Justice Bhagwati on Judicial corruption and appointment of judges- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFOPVABSjnk  Republic day parade 26th January 2000- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6p75IT4_8xg  Saviour of Karunanidhi- https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/saviour-of-karunanidhi/cid/162710  News clip of Shri Arun Jaitley in Rajya Sabha- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTzmM6iOtRc  News clips of Katju’s allegation- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLKI_0phBw8) and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qqmweSMWbQ   Transcript: https://www.anildivanfoundation.org/episode7  Credits Host:  Raghu Karnad Guests: Abhinav Chandrachud, Alok Prasanna Kumar, Dushyant Dave, Kailash Vasdev, Kamini Jaiswal, Kapil Sibal, Krishan Mahajan, Prashant Kumar, Santosh Paul Research Manager:  Ramya Boddupalli Legal Researcher: Vipinn Mittaal Scriptwriter: Ramya Boddupalli  Script editor: Bhavya Dore Fact checker: Vipinn Mittaal Advisors: Lawrence Liang, Ranvir Singh, Shyam Divan and Vivek Divan Head of Production: Shaun Fanthome Creative Director: Mae Mariyam Thomas  Production Assistant: Sakshi Nair Sound Design & Mix: Kartik Kulkarni Sound Editor & Music Supervisor: Lakshman Parsuram  Graphic Designer: Sephin Alexander