Jasmine explains that extended exposures to cold can occur in locations such as roofs, unheated cabs, bridges, projects near large bodies of water, high buildings open to the wind, and working in refrigerated rooms, vessels, and containers. Cold stress can result in two major illnesses: hypothermia and frostbite. Hypothermia occurs when the body cannot maintain its core temperature due to constricting blood vessels, while frostbite is caused by exposure to severe cold or contact with extremely cold surfaces.