Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has long posed significant challenges for patients and researchers alike. But now, microscopic clusters of organisms are providing a glimmer of hope. Emerging as a new frontier in #T1D treatment, stem cell-derived islet cell therapy is a novel approach that may revolutionize the lives of patients with this chronic disease. Stem cells, with their remarkable ability to transform into specialized cells, offer the potential to restore the function of insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas. In part two of Dr. Matthias von Herrath's episode on Inside U Miami Medicine, he delves into the mechanisms of protecting these islet cells from destruction by the immune system and the challenges associated with this treatment, including the high costs of conducting clinical trials.