The hypothesis that the structure of high Reynolds number turbulence conists of thin shear layers, with thickness of the order of the Taylor micro scale, has been further confirmed by numerical studies by Ishihara and Kaneda of conditional statistics and local dynamics; by PIV measurements of lab experiments by Wirth and Nickels, and by further developments of the theory, especially the transport of energy into the layers leading to the generation of intense structures, on the scale ofthe Kolomogorov micro-scale. This analysis provides (for the first time?) a physically justifiable analysis for the higher moments and why these are generally less isotropic than lower order moments, eg in thermal convection. The theoretical and practical implications of the flow near and within these layers for fluctuations of temperature and other scalars are explained. Ref JCRHunt , I Eames, P Davidson,J.Westerweel, J Fernando, S Voropayev, M Braza J Hyd Env Res 2010