This lecture elaborates on the microscopic pictures of energy carriers. It explains more details on energy transfer, and compares between micro and nanoscale phenomena, including classical size effects and quantum size effects.

This lecture covers topics, including the basic wave characteristics, wave-particle duality in both electromagnetic waves and material waves, and also the fundamentals in the mathematical description of wave mechanics.

This lecture uncovers the basic science of semiconductor devices and solar cells, including p-n junction and photovoltaic effects. Also, it explains the phenomenon of Shockley-Queisser limit.