John interviews Cade Metz, a technology correspondent at The New York Times and the author of “Genius Makers,” a book on artificial intelligence. The book focuses on neural networks, an approach whereby, given enough data, A.I. can get better at specific tasks — like recognizing speech or images — all on its own. The idea behind neural networks dates to the ‘40s and ‘50s, but it was largely abandoned for decades. Today, a few dogged researchers, along with the tech giants that act as the field’s biggest players, have made it ubiquitous. “This is the technology we now use today when we speak commands into our cell phones,” Cade says. “This is what allows self-driving cars.” John asks Cade about the earliest days of artificial intelligence; how the international nature of A.I.'s brightest teams complicates the technology’s geopolitical stakes; and why we should all start paying attention to proteomics. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.