The management of chronic noncancer pain with opioid medications is controversial. The negative consequences have been described as a public health emergency and the efficacy of chronic opioid therapy remains a subject of significant debate. Despite recommendations that chronic opioid therapy...

Buprenorphine was developed by UK based Reckitt & Colman Products and released in the United Kingdom in 1978. That same year, a clinical study determined that buprenorphine could be helpful in reducing cravings of pure opioids in patients with an opioid abuse disorder. Then, a separate...

The use of opioids to treat chronic pain has become quite contentious in recent years. Things get even more confusing when we consider adding an adjuvant analgesic in the mix. Does this reduce or heighten risk? The audience can decide where to throw spitballs when 2 practitioners debate 2...