Today, Dr. Pradip Kamat (Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine) and Dr. Rahul Damania (Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital), are excited to speak with Matthew Kirschen, MD, PhD, FAAN, FNCS, regarding a very sensitive topic involving pediatric brain death guidelines published in 'Neurology' in October 2023. Dr. Matthew Kirschen, a leader in pediatric neurocritical care and one of the authors of the new guidelines. Guest Introduction: Dr. Matthew Kirschen is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neurology at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. A proud alumnus of Brandeis University and Stanford, where he secured both his MD and PhD in neuroscience. Dr. Kirschen’s journey includes a residency at Stanford followed by a unique dual fellowship in neurology and pediatric critical care at CHOP. Notably, he's among the rare professionals dual-boarded in both PCCM and Neurology. Dr. Kirschen’s tireless endeavors in pediatric neuro-critical care, especially his work on multimodal neuro-monitoring to detect and prevent brain injuries in critically ill children, have garnered significant attention. His expertise also extends to predicting recovery post-severe brain injuries. Pertinent to today's discussion, Dr. Kirschen has displayed a keen interest in the precise diagnosis of brain death and proudly stands as one of the authors of the new guidelines on the topic of Pediatric and Adult Brain death/death by neurologic criteria. Discussion: 1. Understanding Brain Death Criteria: Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria (BD/DNC) declared with permanent cessation of all brain functions, including brainstemImportant considerations before BD/DNC determination:No evaluation in infants 37 weeks corrected gestational ageAbsence of coma, intact brainstem reflexes, and spontaneous breathing inconsistent with BD/DNC 2. Who Can Perform BD/DNC Evaluations: Attending clinicians must be credentialed and trained in BD/DNC evaluation.Two attending clinicians are needed for evaluation, with exceptions for advanced practice providers. 3. Prerequisites for BD/DNC Determination: Importance of identifying the etiology of BD/DNC to avoid reversible processesObservation periods based on age and type of brain injuryMaintaining core body temperature before evaluation 4. Blood Pressure Management: Hypotension can lead to impermanent coma; clinicians should manage with fluids or vasopressors.Specific blood pressure targets for different ECMO support types 5. Medication Considerations: Excluding...